Objects can be charged by rubbing them. When a polythene rod is rubbed with a woolen cloth, electrons move from the cloth onto the polythene rod.
Current flows from a battery (power source) to an electric component. The component converts the electric energy into another type of energy. A light bulb is a component that converts electrical energy into light and heat energy.
A series circuit is one where all the components are connected in one path, one after the other.